Pedagogic principles

Social activity structures Structure sequences across diverse social activity structures Learners as teachers Encourage students to take on teaching roles in peer learning Multimodal learning Support the use of diverse media and interaction types Peer feedback Engage learners in peer feedback and assessment Learner artifacts Support the use of student-generated artifacts for ongoing learning Productive talk Foster classroom norms for productive talk Leadership Foster leadership among learners through personal example

Data exploration Support data exploration through construction of visual representations Knowledge organization Support knowledge representation and organization Illustrate complexity Illustrate complex phenomena and ideas using visual representations Explore with simulations Support learners in exploring complex phenomena using models and simulations Explore through modeling Support learners in constructing models to make sense of complex phenomena Learners as teachers Encourage students to take on teaching roles in peer learning Social activity structures Structure sequences across diverse social activity structures Learners’ ideas Plan learning processes that build on learners’ ideas

Scientific practices Engage learners in scientific practices Scientific methods Engage learners with a range of scientific methods Relevance Connect scientific ideas to contexts relevant to learners Cultural adaptation Adapt activities to learners’ cultural contexts Explore with simulations Support learners in exploring complex phenomena using models and simulations Learning across spaces Plan learning trajectories across different types of spaces Learning under uncertainty Support knowledge building and informed decision-making in uncertain conditions Civic engagement Encourage civic engagement Connecting with experts Connect between students, teachers and experts Complex issues Engage learners with complex issues Illustrate complexity Illustrate complex phenomena and ideas using visual representations Explore through modeling Support learners in constructing models to make sense of complex phenomena Interdisciplinarity Plan learning activities that integrate multiple disciplines

Scaffolding Scaffold complex inquiry and learning processes Reflection Encourage reflection on learning processes Self-efficacy Foster self-efficacy among learners Cognitive flexibility Foster cognitive flexibility and adaptive learning Growth mindset Foster a growth mindset Learners as teachers Encourage students to take on teaching roles in peer learning Peer feedback Engage learners in peer feedback and assessment Complex issues Engage learners with complex issues Knowledge organization Support knowledge representation and organization Explore through modeling Support learners in constructing models to make sense of complex phenomena Learning trajectory Make learning trajectories visible to learners Learning under uncertainty Support knowledge building and informed decision-making in uncertain conditions Learners’ ideas Plan learning processes that build on learners’ ideas Choice Create meaningful opportunities for learner choice

Self-efficacy Foster self-efficacy among learners Empathy Foster empathy through engagement with diverse perspectives Leadership Foster leadership among learners through personal example Civic engagement Encourage civic engagement Learners as teachers Encourage students to take on teaching roles in peer learning Productive talk Foster classroom norms for productive talk Cultural adaptation Adapt activities to learners’ cultural contexts Choice Create meaningful opportunities for learner choice Cognitive flexibility Foster cognitive flexibility and adaptive learning Growth mindset Foster a growth mindset